With illustrative and detailed examples drawn from throughout the country, green infrastructure advances smart land conservation. There is a special section, which describes international and national organization from 30 countries. Main principles for urban green infrastructure planning. This study assessed the effectiveness and efficiency of policy initiatives to support green infrastructure across europe. Original article planning for multifunctional urban green. The green infrastructure guide the guide provides guidance on how local governments may, using legal and policy strategies, encourage or require more sustainable infrastructure designs. Planning multifunctional green infrastructure for compact cities. The potential of school green areas to improve urban green. Continue reading complex and useful, green is infrastructure. This article aims to provide an overview of the concept of gi.
Green infrastructure is defined here as technologies that mimic biologic systems to control water at the source, such as rain gardens, bioswales, and green roofs. A green infrastructure spatial planning gisp model is developed and applied to detroit. The gisp model provides an integrated, stakeholderdriven approach to. Is it a planted space in a city that might catch a little rain and prevent puddling on the sidewalk. Green infrastructure design at different scales, from local through national to the euscale, is a major challenge, conceptually, in terms of data, and also in implementation. In this context, different approaches to planning urban networks have been developed to promote the sustainable use and functioning of landscapes, to conserve the nature and species, and. The report outlines the different functions of green infrastructure gi, in terms of four broad roles that it performs.
The concept of urban green infrastructure advocates the planning of multifunctional green networks which contribute to the sustainable development of urban areas by promoting biodiversity and providing essential ecosystem services. Areas of land that may have previously been left unbuilt for its poor. Green infrastructure planning and implementation wp5 page 6 professionals and that in some cases they were seeking to portray themselves as world class cities with green space offered as part of their wider plans to be cultural destinations. Green infrastructure spatial planning gisp model is developed and applied to detroit. Various definitions of gi have been proposed since its emergence more than two decades ago. Science for environment policy indepth reports the multifunctionality of green infrastructure march 2012 1 the multifunctionality of green infrastructure introduction g reen infrastructure gi is the network of natural and seminatural areas, features and green spaces in rural and urban, terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine areas. In this paper we use european floodplain landscapes as. Green infrastructure can be designed to address the needs of wildlife, which are increasingly threatened by climate change, providing systems of corridors or. Mar 17, 2017 green infrastructure is defined here as technologies that mimic biologic systems to control water at the source, such as rain gardens, bioswales, and green roofs.
This article describes the relationship between the design features of green infrastructure and the benefits of multifunctionality. The multifunctionality of green infrastructure executive summary green infrastructure gi stands to improve quality of life in many ways, through its environmental, social and economic. Greenblue infrastructure for sustainable, attractive cities. Green infrastructure planning includes physical and functional connections between green spaces at different scales and from different perspectives multiscale approach. Green infrastructure has become a hot topic all around the globe. Multifunctionality has been widely used in the context of urban green space planning practice and evaluation in recent years. With cities being challenged by climate change extremes, a variety of leading cities around the world are implementing blue green infrastructure solutions to enhance resilience to climate change. Green infrastructure gi and ecosystem services es are promoted as concepts that have potential to improve environmental planning in urban areas based on a more holistic understanding of the complex interrelations and dynamics of socialecological systems. Keywords socialecological systemsecosystem services green infrastructure urban planning environmental planning. Multifunctional urban green infrastructure wgin and pronatur, april 2019 along 352 pages the publications includes 17 chapters with 30 authors from 17 countries. Due to its multifunctionality, investment in green infrastructure can provide a valuable return and. Green infrastructure gi is globally recognised as an essential component of liveable and sustainable places. The model and planning approach can be readily deployed for other. Green infrastructure green infrastructure stormwater.
Optimizing multifunctional green infrastructure as a societal co. Green infrastructure planning considers and seeks to combine ecological, social and economicabiotic, biotic and cultural functions of green spaces connectivity. Although green infrastructure is promoted for its multifunctionality, projects are typically sited based on a particular benefit, such as stormwater abatement, rather than a suite of. The commission has funded various studies related to green infrastructure. It is all of these, but green infrastructure is also about managing water, how people engage with water, and their environment. The concept of green infrastructure gi is gaining political momentum and has been rapidly. This zone of compatibility is the socalled green box. Zareba, anna, multifunctional and multiscale aspects of green infrastructure in contemporary research june 11, 2014. For example, some people refer to trees in urban areas as green infrastructure because of the green benefits they provide, while others use green infrastructure to refer to engineered structures such water treatment. Green infrastructure planning and implementation wp5 page 40. One of the main ideas behind green infrastructure is its multifunctionality. Multiple benefits of green infrastructure were found in 65% of the projects, regardless of.
The principle of multifunctionality has been observed as one of the key attractions of the emerging concept of green infrastructure, being recognized as a means of achievement of several environmental, social, cultural and economic urban policy aims. Sustainable infrastructure explores this trend with indepth look at sustainable engineering practices in an urban design as it involves watershed masterplanning, green building, optimizing water reuse, reclaiming urban spaces, green streets initiatives, and sustainable masterplanning. Green infrastructure is a key entity in urban planning politics due to its multifunctionality. Complex and useful, green is infrastructure the nature.
Green infrastructure planning considers urban green as a kind of infrastructure and seeks the integration and coordination of urban green with other urban infrastructures in terms of physical and functional relations e. Green infrastructure design based on spatial conservation. The concept of green infrastructure gi is gaining political momentum and has been rapidly introduced in both planning theory and policy, especially in us and europe see lennon, 2014. The concept of green infrastructure has been recently taken up by the european commission for ensuring the provision of ecosystem services ess. The model reveals tradeoffs, synergies and hotspots for future green infrastructure. According to, for instance, the ec ec, 20b, the physical building blocks of gi are present in rural and urban settings and, can vary from very small local elements like gardens and green roofs to transboundary features such as mountain ranges, and therefore, the eus green infrastructure strategy is rather broad and inclusive with respect to scales. However, it is not entirely clear which policies the wto will consider to be in the green box as europe advances new policies under the multifunctionality. It is valued for its multifunctionality and the connectedness of the individual features to each other, the surrounding countryside and urban populations. Pdf multifunctional green infrastructure planning to promote. The increasing need to conserve the nature and biodiversity and to maintain human wellbeing has motivated landscape planners and researchers to seek different planning approaches in urban environments.
Nyc is a national leader in this regard, proposing to manage 10% of impervious surface with green infrastructure learn more about the nyc gi program here. Read green infrastructure books like understanding soils in urban environments and water use efficiency for irrigated turf and landscape for free with a free 30day trial. The case studies in this book illustrate how cities, of differing climates, lifestyles and incomelevels, have implemented policy innovations that promote the application of blue green infrastructure in managing water, wastewater and stormwater sustainably to reduce environmental degradation and enhance resilience to climate change. Green infrastructure planning is a strategic landscape approach to open space conservation, whereby local communities, landowners, and organizations work together to identify, design. Green infrastructure gi and ecosystem services es are promoted as concepts that have potential to improve environmental planning in urban areas based on a more holistic understanding of the complex interrelations and dynamics of socialecological. The multifunctionality of sgas can also be expressed. Use of stateofthe art methods will improve confidence in the quality of the outcome, thereby promoting public acceptability and increasing the likelihood of successful. Multifunctional urban green infrastructure kindle edition by julian. Northwest region green infrastructure is the regions life support system the network of natural environmental components and green and blue spaces that lies within and between the northwests. It is concluded that green infrastructure holds considerable potential to advance. The most common type of extensive shallow substrate green roof features species mixtures of succulents, mainly from the genus sedum.
Planning for multifunctional urban green infrastructures. Handbook on green infrastructure edward elgar publishing. Multifunctional green infrastructure planning to promote. The principal aim of this book is to synthesize the disparate literature on the use of vegetation in the built environment and its multifunctional benefits to humans.
It refers readers to strategies, and highlights case studies of local governments that have already taken steps to incorporate a green infrastructure approach. Multifunctional green infrastructure planning to promote ecological. The benefit of spatial conservation prioritization for green infrastructure design. Learn from green infrastructure experts like pam hazelton and geoff connellan. The multifunctional benefits of green infrastructure in community. Integrating green and blue infrastructure gbi within urban systems can enhance resilience in the face of disturbances. Spatially explicit approaches are needed in the design of green infrastructure, because only they can support land managers decisions in realworld situations at the operational level e. From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services. The multifunctionality of green infrastructure date of the report. A conceptual framework for the assessment of multifunctionality from a socialecological perspective is proposed that can inform the design of planning processes and support stronger exchange between gi and es research. Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure. Green roof plant species diversity improves ecosystem. Multifunctionality of urban green space an analytical. It aims at the supply of multiple ess in a given landscape, however, the effects of a full suite of management options on multiple ess and landscape multifunctionality have rarely been assessed.
It is considered central to the green infrastructure approach, and has been comprehensively described by the european commission 2012. Problemy ekorozwoju problems of sustainable development 2014, vol. The basic meaning of multifunctionality is that green infrastructure or more generally, green space provides a variety of functions, for example ecological. The green and blue infrastructure components and their different ecological qualities provide the first necessary precondition for ecosystem services.
Green infrastructure includes parks, open spaces, playing fields, woodlands, allotments and private gardens. Like all systems, green infrastructure should follow efficiency principles in order to better perform these functions. Register now to hear about the latest books and products in your area and receive up to 20% off your orders. The multifunctionality of green infrastructure european commission. The biodiversity information system for europe bise also contains a wealth of online information on green infrastructure, including a library of relevant documents supporting the implementation of green infrastructure 2015. Discover the best green infrastructure books and audiobooks. It is considered as a key characteristic in several contemporary concepts like green infrastructure, ecosystem services and landscape planning. The ability to provide multiple or crosscutting functions, by integrating different activities and land use, on individual sites and across a whole green infrastructure network natural england, 2009. The role of bluegreen infrastructure in managing urban. Urban green infrastructure planning aims to develop green space networks on limited space in compact cities. Newell landscape and urban planning 159 2017 6275 63 the. It performs functions across the three areas of sustainability.
Green infrastructure, ecosystem services, connectivity. Green infrastructure implementation and efficiency 2012 green infrastructure gi is a valuable tool for addressing ecological preservation and environmental protection as well as societal needs in a complementary fashion. Recommendations for implementing green infrastructure in urban areas a framework for action is required to strengthen the deployment of green infrastructure in and around cities and make ecosystems a source of sustainable urban development. Although green infrastructure is promoted for its multifunctionality, projects are typically sited based on a particular benefit, such as stormwater abatement, rather than a suite of socioeconomic and environmental benefits. Two case studies are used to explore the potentials of the approach at site and city levels. Document analysis results for the principle of multifunctionality indicate a very high under standing and concern for this issue, which was found in 12 of comprehensive plans and 18 of 19 green space plans. Multifunctionality refers to multiple functions and benefits that the gi provides. The green spaces found in the city are subjected to higher wear as the number of visitors and residents increases.
Green infrastructure is a natural solution for the drainage, heat, air and water quality problems we face on our commercial properties. Agrienvironmental stewardship schemes and multifunctionality. The multifunctional benefits of green infrastructure in. Green infrastructure means different things to different people depending on the context in which it is used. Planning for urban green infrastructure in metropolitan. The chapter introduces multifunctionality, connectivity, and adoption of integrated, longterm and strategic planning as major principles of urban green infrastructure.
A short history of the term green infrastructure and selected literature. Green infrastructure can be a centerpiece of smart regional and metropolitan planning, ensuring communities have a livable environment, with clean air and water, for generations to come. Incorporating plants and enhancing biodiversity in buildings and urban environments routledge studies in urban ecology 1 by dover, john w. Green spaces are important for recreation, climate adaptation and ecosystem services.
The gisp model provides an integrated, stakeholderdriven approach to maximize ecosystem services. Rather than serving just one purpose, such as putting a roof over a house, green infrastructure can also provide thermoregulation, water. Green infrastructure gi stands to improve quality of life in many ways, through its environmental, social and economic credentials, based on the multiple use of natural assets which in turn delivers multiple benefits often described as multifunctionality. A short history of the term green infrastructure and selected. Green infrastructure environment european commission. The term green infrastructure was coined in florida, in 1994. Urban green infrastructure gi has been promoted as an approach to respond to major urban environmental and social challenges such as reducing the ecological footprint, improving human health and. The chapter introduces multifunctionality, connectivity, and adoption of integrated. A conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green. Green infrastructure multifunctionality green infrastructure can perform a number of functions and provides several benefits for the same spatial area eea, 2015, p. In the last 15 years, several studies have described green infrastructure gi, highlighting the strategic importance of gis multiscalarity and multifunctionality.
Payments for environmental programs are among those that fall in the green box. Green infrastructure gi stands to improve quality of life in many ways, through its environmental, social and economic credentials, based on the multifunctional use of natural capital. Systemic factors the purple boxes can enable or disable the flow of ecosystem services and thus influence translation of ecosystem services into various benefits to beneficiaries the red box. So, this is why we are so passionate about including green infrastructure on commercial properties in central kentucky. Urban green infrastructure gi has been promoted as an approach to respond to major urban environmental and social challenges such as reducing the ecological footprint, improving human health and wellbeing, and adapting to climate change.
However, it is not entirely clear which policies the wto will consider to be in the green box as europe advances new policies under the multifunctionality banner. To do so, it examines the descriptive linkages between 12 design features and nine benefits using 447 project case studies from the american society of landscape architects. In each gi planning practice the principles of multifunctionality, connectivity, habitability, resiliency, identity and return on investment must not be forgotten. Multifunctionality of green infrastructure research. The key chapter in this book chapter 3shows how, planners can plan and promote green infrastructure to. Multifunctionality is considered key to achieving this goal as it supports planning practice that considers the ability of green spaces to provide multiple benefits concurrently. Multifunctionality as a principle for urban green infrastructure planning theory, application and linkages to ecosystem services book march 2018 with 1,483 reads how we measure reads. Planning multifunctional green infrastructure for compact. Consequently, some local governments have adopted green infrastructure as a hedge against climate change risks, particularly if the strategies result in multiple other benefits. Towards a better understanding of green infrastructure. From the individual parcel to the multistate region, green infrastructure helps each of us look at the landscape in relation to the many uses it could serve, for. Green infrastructure gi stands to improve quality of life in many ways, through its environmental, social and economic credentials, based on the multifunctional. Jul 17, 20 the principle of multifunctionality has been observed as one of the key attractions of the emerging concept of green infrastructure, being recognized as a means of achievement of several environmental, social, cultural and economic urban policy aims. The chapter introduces multifunctionality, connectivity, and adoption of integrated, longterm and strategic planning as major principles of urban green.
Concomitant with this growing popularity, there are increasing concerns and criticisms about its applicability. Pdf multifunctionality as a principle for urban green. Multifunctionality represents the ability of green infrastructure to provide several ecological, sociocultural, and economic benefits hansen et al. Green infrastructure in detroit is not being sited to maximize ecosystem services. Green infrastructure and green infrastructure planning. Sponsored by the municipal water infrastructure council of the environmental and water resources institute of asce. Cities are expanding green infrastructure to enhance resilience and ecosystem services.
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